Hi guys, This is my Fourth article about Where is the most lightening ?

Where Is the Most Lightning-Prone Place in the World?

Lake Maracaibo in Venezuela has a new claim to fame: This large bay has been revealed as the lightning capital of the world, with storms lighting up the skies almost 300 nights each year, according to a NASA study.

The largest lake in South America, Lake Maracaibo sits along the northern Andes Mountains, where the mountains form a natural barrier, pushing air up and mixing it with warm, moist air above the lake to create nocturnal thunderstorms. Researchers found that the lake gets per square mile (233 bolts per square kilometer) every year.

The previous titleholder, the city of Kabare in the Democratic Republic of Congo, gets 531 lightning bolts  per square mile (205 bolts per square kilometer) annually"Lake Maracaibo has a unique geography and climatology that is ideal for the development of thunderstorms," Dennis Buechler, a research scientist at the University of Alabama in Huntsville.Lightning occurs in thunderstorms when cold air and warm air interact. The cold air has ice crystals. The warm air has water droplets. Friction from the droplets and crystals bumping together creates positive and negative electrical charges in the clouds. When the negative charges at the bottom of the clouds get strong enough, electrical energy is let out in in the form of lightning that jumps to another positive structure on the ground or in the clouds.

http://www.livescience.com/54666-most-lightning-prone-place-in-the-world.html#sthash.igc1kEEo.dpuf

Reflection :

To save the earth, plant the trees for green the public city. Friction from the droplets and crystals bumping together creates positive and negative electrical charges in the clouds. When the negative charges at the bottom of the clouds get strong enough, electrical energy is let out in in the form of lightning that jumps to another positive structure on the ground or in

Sumarry : Researchers found that the lake gets per square mile (233 bolts per square kilometer) every year. Friction from the droplets and crystals bumping together creates positive and negative electrical charges in the clouds.

Stuning Clouds Map

Hello friends, This my third article about Stunning cloud

Stunning Cloud Maps Tell the Story of Life on Earth

Clouds might seem like a nuisance if you’re headed on a Sunday afternoon picnic. But put aside your personal biases for a second and consider this: clouds can also tell the story of life on earth.

That story has become a lot clearer thanks to new maps created by scientists that document a global year in the clouds in more intimate detail than ever before. The maps — a cloud atlas if you will — provide a fine-grained view of how clouds move around in our atmosphere and represent an important link between climate and ecological research. They’re also pretty easy on the eyes.

It turns out, England is indeed cloudy for most of the year while most of the Bay Area’s clouds show up in February. Adam Wilson, a researcher at the University of Buffalo who helped create the cloud atlas, joked that you could use the maps to settle bets between friends on who lives in the cloudiest place.

Sumber :

http://www.livescience.com/54626-cloud-maps-life-on-earth.html#sthash.VHKgIC71.dpuf

Reflection :

Save the earth. And plants some trees.

Sumarry : That story has become a lot clearer thanks to new maps created by scientists that document a global year in the clouds in more intimate detail than ever before.

 The maps — a cloud atlas if you will — provide a fine-grained view of how clouds move around in our atmosphere and represent an important link between climate and ecological research. They’re also pretty easy on the eyes.

Plasma

Hi guys, This is my second article about plasma.

States of Matter: Plasma

                 Plasmas in action

One place you can see plasmas in action is in a fluorescent light bulb or neon sign. In those cases a gas (neon for signs) is subjected to a high voltage, and the electrons are either separated from the atoms of the gas or pushed into higher energy levels. The gas inside the bulb becomes a conductive plasma. The excited electrons that drop back into their previous energy levels emit photons – the light we see in a neon sign or fluorescent lamp.
Plasma TVs work in the same way. A gas — usually argon, neon or xenon — is injected into a sealed gap between two glass panels. An electrical current is passed through the gas, which causes it to glow. The plasma excites red, green and blue phosphors, which combine to give off specific colors, according to eBay.
Another use for plasma is in plasma globes, which are full of noble gas mixes that produce the colors of the "lightning" inside them when an electric current ionizes the gas.
Another example of plasma is in the auroras that surround the poles when the sun is particularly active. The solar wind is a stream of charged particles (mostly protons), which hit Earth's magnetic field. Those particles, being charged, follow magnetic field lines and move toward the poles, where they collide with and excite atoms in the air, mostly oxygen and nitrogen. Like a neon sign, the excited oxygen and nitrogen atoms give off light.

 http://www.livescience.com/54652-plasma.html#sthash.D0Xgpa2k.dpuf

Summary :

The gas inside the bulb becomes a conductive plasma.
 The excited electrons that drop back into their previous energy levels emit photons – the light we see in a neon sign or fluorescent lamp.

Reflection :

Turn off the lamp after use it to decrease the limit. and move toward the poles, where they collide with and excite atoms in the air, mostly oxygen and nitrogen. Like a neon sign, the excited oxygen and nitrogen atoms give off light.

enviroment Issue

          The amount of sea level rise in the Pacific Ocean can be used to estimate future global surface temperatures, according to a new report led by University of Arizona geoscientists.

Based on the Pacific Ocean's sea level in 2015, the team estimates by the end of 2016 the world's average surface temperature will increase up to 0.5 F (0.28 C) more than in 2014.
In 2015 alone, the average global surface temperature increased by 0.32 F (0.18 C).
"Our prediction is through the end of 2016," said first author Cheryl Peyser. "The prediction is looking on target so far."
Scientists knew that both the rate at which global surface temperature is rising and sea level in the western Pacific varied, but had not connected the two phenomena, said Peyser, a UA doctoral candidate in geosciences.
"We're using sea level in a different way, by using the pattern of sea level changes in the Pacific to look at global surface temperatures -- and this hasn't been done before," she said.
Peyser and her colleagues used measurements of sea level changes taken by NASA/NOAA/European satellites starting in 1993.
Using sea surface height rather than sea surface temperatures provides a more accurate reflection of the heat stored in the entire water column, said co-author Jianjun Yin, a UA associate professor of geosciences.
"We are the first to use sea level observations to quantify the global surface temperature variability," Yin said.
The team found when sea level in the western Pacific rises more than average -- as it did from 1998 to 2012 -- the rise in global surface temperatures slows.
In contrast, when sea level drops in the western Pacific but increases in the eastern Pacific as it did in 2015, global surface temperatures bump up because the heat stored in the ocean is released, Yin said.
            The paper by Peyser, Yin, Felix Landerer of NASA's Jet Propulsion Laboratory, Pasadena, California, and Julia Cole, a UA professor of geosciences, titled, "Pacific Sea Level Rise Patterns and Global Surface Temperature Variability," is being published online in Geophysical Research Letters.
People already knew the tropical Pacific Ocean was relatively higher in the west -- the trade winds blow from east to west, piling up water on the western side of the Pacific.
However, the degree of the tilt from west to east changes over time, much like a seesaw. Sometimes the western Pacific near Asia is much higher than the ocean's eastern coast with the Americas. At other times, Pacific sea level in the west is not much greater than sea level in the east.
Others had documented that two different climate cycles, the Pacific Decadal Oscillation and the El Niño/La Niña cycle, affected how much the surface of the Pacific Ocean tilted from west to east.
From 1998 to 2012, the rate at which the global surface temperature increased slowed down -- a phenomenon dubbed "the global warming hiatus." During the same time period, sea level in the western tropical Pacific Ocean increased four times faster than the average global sea level rise.

     Summary :  The amount of sea level rise in the Pacific Ocean can be used to estimate future global surface temperatures, according to a new report led by University of Arizona geoscientists.
                       Based on the Pacific Ocean's sea level in 2015, the team estimates by the end of 2016 the world's average surface temperature will increase up to 0.5 F (0.28 C) more than in 2014.
In 2015 alone, the average global surface temperature increased by 0.32 F (0.18 C).

Reflection : Save the Earth and Plant some trees.

Source:   www.ScienceDaily.com





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